خواهرم در اداره بهداشت و درمان شهرستان نسبتا کوچکی مشغول بهکار است. چند روز پیش گفت ما با یک مساله دشوار روبرو شدهایم و تصورم این است که پرسش ما اقتصادی است؟ مساله این است که ما تعداد محدودی واکسن آمفلوانزا داریم و تعداد متقاضیان زیاد است و متنوع و سه گروه خاصتر از دیگران. ۱- گروه اول متقاضیان افراد سالمند هستند که بهدلیل فراغت بیش از حدشان هر روزه به ما مراجعه میکنند و توقع دریافت بهترین و بیشترین خدمات درمانی بهداشتی را هم دارند. ۲- گروه دوم متقاضیان کودکاناند که والدینشان معتقدند فرزندان کوچک ما آینده این جامعه را میسازند و باید این واکسن به فرزندان ما تعلق گیرد. ۳- گروه سوم متقاضیان هم کسانی هستند که حاضرند پول بیشتری برای دریافت این واکسن برای اعضای خانوادهشان بپردازند. البته خواهرم بر این محدودیت هم تاکید کرد که ما میخواهیم بیشترین استفاده را از این واکسنها بکنیم، به قول اقتصادیها مطلوبیت کل را حداکثر کنیم. حال تو که اقتصاد خواندهای بگو ببینم راهحل چیست؟
با مثالی که از کتاب آمارتیاسن، توسعه بهمثابه آزادی، در ذهن داشتم مساله را برایش تشریح کردم: آمارتیاسن میگوید حسن میخواهد باغچهاش را سروسامان دهد و برای این کار سهنفر متقاضیاند. احمد، محمد، حامد. او تنها میتواند یکی از این سه نفر را انتخاب کند و برایش فرقی نمیکند چه کسی این کار را انجام دهد. فقط میخواهد بهترین فرد را انتخاب کند؟ در میان این سه نفر احمد فقیرترین فرد است و حسن با خودش فکر میکند چه چیزی بهتر از خوشحال کردن یک فقیر. اما یکی از دوستانش به او میگوید محمد بهتازگی بیکار شده و از نظر روانی افسردهترین فرد است، در حالیکه احمدو حامد به فقر عادت دارند، بهتر است محمد را از فقر تازه نجات دهی. لذا اگر محمد کار را بهدست بیاورد خیلی خوشحالتر از آن دو خواهد شد. لذا حسن با خود میگوید رفع غم از زندگی یک انسان شریف بهترین کار خیری است که میتوانم در زندگیام انجام دهم. اما بهناگاه باخبر میشود که حامد یعنی نفر سوم هم دارای یک بیماری است و با دریافت دستمزد ناشی از این کار میتواند خود را درمان کند و کیفیت زندگیش بهبود مییابد.
حسن گیج و سرگشته شده و نمیداند باید چه بکند؟ اگر تنها در مورد یک نفر اطلاعات داشت بهراحتی میتوانست تصمیمگیری کند، اما حالا نمیتواند. خواهرم گفت خوب حالا حسن چه کار کرد؟ گفتم او براساس اهمیت اطلاعاتی که در اختیار دارد تصمیمگیری میکند. »اصل تساوی» بر فقر و درآمد تاکید میکند و در مورد احمد صادق است، «اصل مطلوبیت» که بر لذت و شادمانی تاکید دارد در مورد محمد و «اصل کیفیت زندگی» درباره حامد. حالا تو اگر جای حسن بودی براساس کدام اصل تصمیم میگرفتی؟
خواهرم عصبانی شد و گفت من یک سوال پرسیدم و تو بهجای اینکه جوابم را بدهی بدتر مرا گیج میکنی؟ شما اقتصادخوانها فقط بلد هستید آدم را گیجتر کنید. گفتم راستش ما اقتصادیها فقط میتوانیم مساله را برای تو تشریح کنیم؟ آخر با این تشریح شما که ما نمیتوانیم تصمیمگیری کنیم؟ شما بیشتر حکایت از امکانناپذیری تصمیمگیری میکنید تا امکانپذیری. یاد کنث ارو افتادم و قضیه امکانناپذیری او.
خیلی دقیق اختلاف بین سیاستگزار و اقتصاددان رو توضیح دادی. مثال جالبی هم بود ایکاش قضیه امکان ناپذیری ارو رو هم توضیح میدادی تا حسابی دستشون بیاد اقتصاد چه علم تحلیلی قویه
You write very well, but it’s also important to respect the “rasm-ol khat”! for ex. the last two question marks are confusing and wrong.
سلام آقای دگردیس. من به طور اتفاقی با وب سایت شما آشنا شدم و از شما به خاطر ارائه مطالب جالب و مفیدتون تشکر می کنم.به همه دوستان ارشدی که با آنها ارتباط دارید سلام من را برسانید
راستی در مورد این مطلبتون، من فکر می کنم حسن باید محمود را استخدام کند چون بیچاره از شدت بدبختی حتی توی آمارها نیست.(پاراگراف دو،خط چهارم)
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