از سال گذشته بهطور رسمی و حرفهای به بیماران کلیوی پیوستم. در بیمارستان که بودم متوجه شدم بازار خرید و فروش کلیه بازاری است همچون بازار موبایل با این تفاوت که همه سر از بازار موبایل در میآورند اما از بازار کلیه نه. برخی کشورها مانند امریکا خرید و فروش کلیه را ممنوع کردهاند و برخی دیگر نه. در جایی که خرید و فروش کلیه ممنوع است معمولا افراد اقدام به هدیهدادن کلیه میکنند. اما در جایی که بازاری برای کلیه وجود دارد معمولا خبری از هدیه دادن و نوعدوستی نیست. البته اغلب عرضهکنندگان کلیه هم افرادی هستند که به پول آن نیاز دارند. خوب برویم سروقت حالت اول. در چارچوب حالت اول پرسش ساده این است: فرض کنید فردی کلیهاش را به یکی از اعضای خانوادۀ شما هدیه بدهد و ماجرا تمام شود. یک سال بعد هدیهدهندۀ کلیه در نامهای برای شما مینویسد که نمیتواند اقساط وام مسکنش را بدهد و نیاز به کمک دارد و در غیر این صورت بیخانمان میشود. قطعا خانواده شما هیچ مسئولیت قانونی و حقوقی در برابر کلیهدهنده ندارد، اما مسئولیت اخلاقی چطور؟ یقینا در این مورد فرد با خودش آروز میکند ای کاش بازاری برای خرید و فروش کلیه وجود داشت و حالا دچار این معذوریت اخلاقی نمیشد. کلیهگیرنده هیچ تعهدی برای ارسال پول به کلیهدهنده ندارد. یقینا او بهطرز شگفتانگیزی کلیه خود را بخشیده است و ماجرا وقتی جالبتر میشود که این دو فرد یکدیگر را نشناسند و دهنده از گیرنده توقع نداشته باشد که در آینده جبران کند. بنابراین شاید اگر چنین بازاری وجود میداشت، آنها که پول داشتند کلیهها را درو میکردند و آنها که پول نداشتند خودشان میماندند و خودشان. شاید هم در این حالت یک نظام تخصیص کلیه به بیماران شکل بگیرد و براساس اولویتبندی عمل کند که در این صورت بازار دیگر از آزادی لازم برخوردار نیست.
اما شاید کلیهگیرنده بعد از دریافت پیغام کلیهدهنده احساس کند که او میخواسته از نظر روانی وی را تحتتاثیر قرار دهد و به نوعی فشار اخلاقی و وجدانی به او وارد کند و اگر اقتصاددان باشد یا تئوری بازیها بلد باشد احتمالا زودتر این احساس به او دست خواهد داد. اگر او چنین اعتقادی داشته باشد که کلیهدهنده با برنامه این پیغام را ارسال کرده یعنی اینکه او درواقع کلیه خود را فروخته است ولی جنس را پیشتر تحویل داده و حالا پول ش را میخواهد: نوعی نسیه. حالا اگر شما برای او پول بفرستید مثل این است که درواقع خلاف قانون رفتار کردهاید و بهطور غیرقانونی اقدام به خرید کلیه کردهاید. شما بودید چه میکردید؟
بازار کلیه: یک پرسش ساده
۳۲ Responses to “بازار کلیه: یک پرسش ساده”
کتابهای من
سلام
تا وقتی دو کلیه داریم همان بازار خرید و فروش کارا است. اولویت بندی برای اعضای تکی مناسب است مثل قلب البته به نظر من.
یه رابطه دیگه ای بین کلیه و موبایل وجود داره اگه کلیه را بفروشیم می تونیم از جای خالیش جا موبایلی درست کنیم.
سلام آقای فرهادیپور،
من فقط میدانستم که شما سنگ کلیه داشتید. نمیدانم این “بیماری کلیوی” که میگویید، جریانش چیست.
امیدوارم سلامتیتان را به دست آورید و از اولش هم بهتر شوید. به امید خدا.
اما در جواب سؤال این مطلب، من اگر باشم به آقای منکیو میگویم که اصلا گیرم خرید و فروش کلیه در امریکا آزاد، و بازار کارا شد
و تعداد بیشتری بیمار کلیوی نجات پیدا کردند…
اما خداوکیلی اگر همهی بازارها آخرِ “آزاد” و انتهای “کارا” شوند، “کاربردهای منفعتطلبانهی نظریهی بازیها” و “تاثیرگذاریهای روانی سودجویانه” از بین میرود؟
الآن هم ـ زبانم لال ـ در بازارهای آزاد از این جور بازیها نداریم اصلا! هان؟!؟
این تلاش غیورمردان نئولیبرال برای آنکه هی نشان دهند “اخلاق مخلصانه” پیش ماست و دیگران اگر هم اخلاقی داشته باشند، اخلاقشان “ریایی” است البته قابل تحسین است، ولی یک مقدار حس زورچپانکردن به آدم دست میدهد.
آن طرف میدان، البته چپها هم کلیشههای خاص خودشان را دارند، ولی ای کاش نئولیبرالها به همان “کارایی” بسنده میکردند و برای مسلطتر شدن بر “بازی”، دیگر پای “اخلاق” را وسط نمیکشیدند. اخلاق چیزی نیست که با سیاستگذاری و طراحی مکانیسم پیاده شود. بشر باید به بلوغ اخلاقی برسد، وگرنه راه دیگری ندارد. با سیاستگذاری هر طرفش را هم بخواهی درست کنی، بیاخلاقی از طرف دیگرش میزند بیرون.
به قول شاعر، در جامعهی نابالغ، بیاخلاقی راهش را پیدا میکند. در و پنجره را هم سهقفله کنی، از لولهی بخاری میآید تو!
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